Fig. 2: Contrastive analysis of fresh and single electric-stimulated PLZST at different scales.

a Schematic diagram of cross-scale structures in AFE ceramics. b, e AFE domain structures, (c, f) dark-field images using a satellite spot and (d, g) atomic displacement mappings based on STEM-HAADF images of fresh and single electric-stimulated (the applied electric field is near EAF) samples, respectively. The horizontal direction to the right is [110] direction in (d, g).