Fig. 3: Phase transition behaviors.
a, c The diagrams of two modes of electric field loading in TEM, i.e. (a) stimuli with gradual increase of electric field until exceeding EAF and (c) numbers of stimuli at the same electric field just above EAF. The blue dots represent the loading electric fields during each process. b Changes of modulation period after each electric stimulus as function of electric field in (a) mode, showing three stages with increasing electric fields, namely freezing stage, active stage and stable stage. The black and colorful spots represent the loading electric field during each electric stimulus and the modulation period after each stimulus, respectively. d Domain evolution after multiple electric stimuli at the same electric field above EAF in (c) mode. The white arrow points to the direction of electric field loading.
