Fig. 1: Normative valence (NV) and visual valence (VV) in study 1 and 2.

a Frequency distribution of NV and VV across realistic photos in study 1. b Distribution of NV and VV across abstract paintings in study 2. c Relationship between VV (y-axis) and NV (x-axis) for realistic photos and abstract paintings. Each scattered point represents one image. The best-fitting lines are presented. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.