Fig. 6: Late-stage stimulation promoted the functional integration between organoids and the host via OBCIs.
From: Constructing organoid-brain-computer interfaces for neurofunctional repair after brain injury
A This schematic illustrates the timeline for 2 M stimulation; (B–E) Spiking quantifications of stimulated organoids in vivo at intervals of the day. (B) firing rate, (C) burst number, (D) burst duration, and (E) spike amplitude, n = 4 mice, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; (F) Energy of frequency band at Gamma of stimulated organoids in vivo at intervals of the day, n = 4 mice, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; (G) Power spectral density at 150 dpt; (H–I) Correlation coefficient quantifications of organoids in vivo after stimulation at approximately monthly intervals initiating at day 60. (H) auto-correlation inside organoids, and (I) cross-correlation between organoids and host, n = 4 mice, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; (J) Coefficient distribution of correlation at 60, 90, 120, and 150 dpt in the BO-ET-ES group; (K) The BO-ET-ES group has an intense distribution of PAC at 60, 90, 120, and 150 dpt; (L–N) Change of total power percentage of Gamma and high Gamma, and Theta-amma coupling post withdrawal compared to baseline in the Naïve, BO-ET-ES and BO-ET groups in vivo at 120, and 150 dpt, n = 14 withdraws (Naïve), 17 withdraws (BO-ET) and 18 withdraws (BO-ET-ES) from 4 mice (120 dpt) and n = 20 withdraws (Naïve), 16 withdraws (BO-ET) and 18 withdraws (BO-ET-ES) from 3 mice (150 dpt), *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. Mean ± SD is shown for each condition. Statistical significance was tested with Two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons in B–F, I, and K.
