Fig. 2: Stability and mRNA delivery efficiency of CAS-LNP after nebulization.

a Workflow for evaluating mRNA expression of nebulized LNPs in mice. b Representative IVIS images and (c) quantitative analysis of luminescence in mice treated with SM102-LNP or CAS-LNPs in 0.3 × PBS at different time points. d Representative IVIS images of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) and (e) quantitative analysis of lungs at 24 h post-administration. Each dose contains 1 µg of mFluc per mouse (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was analyzed by two-way (c) or one-way (e) ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. f Photograph of custom apparatus for inhaled administration to three mice simultaneously. g Representative IVIS images of major organs and (h) quantitative analysis of lungs treated with SM102-LNP or 2.5% CAS-LNP in 0.3 × PBS at 24 h post-administration (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analyzed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. i Percentage of intact LNPs after nebulization in PBS of varying ionic strength (n = 3 technical replicates). Data are shown as mean ± SD. j Representative IVIS images and (k) quantitative analysis of luminescence in mice treated with SM102-LNP or 2.5% CAS-LNP in 1 × or 0.1 × PBS at 6 h post-administration. l Representative IVIS images of major organs and (m) quantitative analysis of lungs at 24 h post-administration (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Figure 2a was created in BioRender. Lu, X. (2024) BioRender.com/y08x203. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.