Fig. 7: CAS-LNP as cancer vaccines.

a Schematic of treatment regimen on a metastatic B16F10-OVA tumor model. CAS-LNP or SM102-LNP containing mOVA were nebulized and administered to mice on days 0, 7, and 14. Each dose contains 5 µg of mOVA per mouse. b Representative flow cytometry plots and (c) quantitative analysis of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells among lung cells on day 13 post-prime (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. d Optical images and quantitative analysis of IFN-γ-spot-forming cells among splenocytes on day 13 post-prime via ELISpot assay. Splenocytes of mice were stimulated with SIINFEKL peptide (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. e Photographs of lungs bearing metastatic tumors from treated mice. Scale bar is 1 cm. f Number of metastatic foci on the lung of treated mice (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. g Representative images of H&E-stained lung sections following treatments. h Quantitative analysis of metastatic tumor area among the overall lung area (n = 3 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. i Schematic of treatment regimen on a metastatic B16F10 tumor model. CAS-LNP or SM102-LNP containing mGP70 were nebulized and administered to mice on days 2, 7, and 12. Each dose contains 5 µg of mGP70 per mouse. j Photographs of lungs bearing metastatic tumors from treated mice. Scale bar is 1 cm. k Number of metastatic foci on the lung and (l) Survival analysis of treated mice (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. m Schematic showing the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). n Representative flow cytometry plots and quantitative analysis of M1 and M2 macrophages (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Figure 7a was created in BioRender. Lu, X. (2024) BioRender.com/n34x441. Figure 7i was created in BioRender. Lu, X. (2024) BioRender.com/h65g080. Figure 7m was created in BioRender. Lu, X. (2024) BioRender.com/m806034. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.