Fig. 4: Copy numbers and expression levels of the genes related to the CSOs biosynthesis.

a The CSOs biosynthetic pathway in Allium. b Number of gene copies for representative species within Amaryllidaceae and results of the two-sided Mann–Whitney U test. Green pies next to species names indicate the three species that utilized genomic data, while other species utilized de novo assembled transcriptomes. The Mann–Whitney U test was conducted based on gene copy numbers inferred from de novo assembled transcriptomes of 34 Allium species and 14 non-Allium species. The medians and P-values are shown in the table. For example, 0.013 indicates the P-value for Allium vs. non-Allium of gene OASTL, while 6 vs. 3.5 indicates the medians for the two groups. c Duplication types. Asterisks indicate the genes significantly expanded in Allium species. d Gene expression level. The expression level was calculated by averaging the expression of all copies(y) within a gene for each species and summarizing the expression of all copies(y) of a gene separately for each species. Source data underlying panel (d) is provided as Source Data file.