Fig. 4: Associations of Jomon ancestry with 80 complex traits.

Associations are tested using a generalized linear model in (a) the entire BBJ participants (n = 163,243) and (b) the participants only in the Mainland cluster (n = 152,148). The quantitative traits are modeled by linear regression, while the binary traits are analyzed with logistic regression. The direction of the triangle corresponds to the sign of the beta coefficient for each trait. The gray dashed line represents the statistical significance based on the Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05/80 = 6.3 × 10⁻⁴). Control indicates 10 dummy phenotypes. All traits labeled on the plots have nominal significance with P < 0.05. Details of statistical test results are presented in Supplementary Data 6 and 7. P-values are computed by linear regression or logistic regression. All statistical tests are two-sided and unadjusted for multiple comparisons. BMI Body mass index, BW Body weight, LVM Left ventricular mass, E/A E/A ratio, RBC Red blood cell count, MCH Mean corpuscular volume, LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.