Fig. 6: Lactate enhances host defenses against bacterial infection.
From: PDCD6 regulates lactate metabolism to modulate LC3-associated phagocytosis and antibacterial defense
a, b Flow cytometric analysis of LC3B fluorescence in wild-type (WT) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) pretreated or not with sodium L-lactate (10 or 20 mM) and then stimulated with L. monocytogenes (a) or S. Typhimurium (b) for the indicated periods. c Immunoblotting of LAP-related molecules in phagosomes and whole-cell lysates isolated from BMDMs pretreated or not with sodium L-lactate and then stimulated with L. monocytogenes. d–g Gentamicin protection assays in Pdcd6fl/fl and Pdcd6Δmye BMDMs treated or not with sodium L-lactate (d, e) or sodium D-lactate (f, g) and then challenged with L. monocytogenes (d, f) or S. Typhimurium (e, g). h, i Lactate levels in BMDMs pretreated or not with UK5099 (10 μM) for 16 h, and then challenged with L. monocytogenes (h) or S. Typhimurium (i) for the indicated periods. j, k Gentamicin protection assays in BMDMs pretreated with UK5099 and then further stimulated with L. monocytogenes (j) or S. Typhimurium (k) for the indicated durations. The averages of n = 3 (a, b, h, i) and n = 4 (d–g, j, k) biologically independent samples are shown. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. a, b Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons; in (d–k), the t test (and nonparametric tests) was employed. The data presented in (a–k) are representative of three independent experiments.
