Fig. 2: Reaction optimization.

Reaction conditions: unless otherwise noted, the reaction was conducted with 2a (0.1 mmol), 3a (0.12 mmol), Cat. (0.01 mmol), pTSA (0.01 mmol), HFIP (0.2 mmol), and 3 Å MS (40 mg) in DCM (2.0 mL) at −10 °C for 22 h under Ar. Isolated yields are shown. The ee values were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). pTSA p-toluenesulfonic acid, HFIP hexafluoroisopropanol.