Fig. 2: Cidal treated bacteria Induce more TNF from macrophages than static treated bacteria.

A, B TNF quantified by ELISA at 8 h from RAW macrophages infected with drug treated K12 E. coli at a range of MOIs (moieties of infection), and antibiotic concentrations. Error bars display SEM. C TNF quantified by ELISA at 6.5 h from WT iBMDMs infected with 5xMIC drug treated bacteria across all the antibiotics. – is media only, + is bacteria without antibiotics, KLA is Kdo2-Lipid A. Error bars display SEM. NS is P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, by two-tailed t test; statistical comparisons in 2 C are of cidal drugs (as a group) to static drugs (as a group). We compute the average in percent increase as: (the average of all the cidals / the average of all the statics) – 1. To identify the reported range of percent increases, we computed the minimum difference (lowest cidal, ciprofloxacin, / highest static, chloramphenicol) – 1, and the maximum difference (highest cidal, meropenem / lowest static, doxycycline) – 1. D Black: TNF quantified by ELISA at 6.5 h from infected macrophages at a variety of tetracycline concentrations. Grey: CFU quantification of surviving bacteria at each tetracycline concentration. Error bars display SEM. The bacterial lethality of tetracycline gradient is indicated schematically below. E TNF quantified by ELISA at 6.5 h from macrophages infected at various MOIs with 3 representative clinically derived strains treated with 3 cidal and 3 static antibiotics. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 by two-tailed t test. A–E display three independent measurements/group and are representative of three independent experiments. Source and exact p-values data are provided as a Source Data file.