Fig. 6: IL-10 mediates suppression and cross-suppression of SA vaccines in SA-exposed mice, but interference can be overcome by CAF01.

a SA-exposed WT mice were treated with either isotype IgG1 Ab or anti-IL-10 MAb one day before and on the day of AFhuD2 vaccination (3x, weekly apart). The mice were SA challenged on 7dpv (n = 10). b SA-exposed WT mice were treated with either isotype IgG1 Ab (n = 9) or anti-IL-10 (aIL-10) MAb (n = 7) one day before and on the day of AIsdBsdrE combination vaccine (3x, weekly apart). The mice were SA challenged on 7dpv. For SA-Alum, Alum and AIsdBsdrE, n = 8, 7 and 9, respectively. c SA-exposed WT mice were vaccinated i.p. with CAF01 or CAF01IsdBsdrE, then challenged with SA 21 dpv (n = 5 per group). d, e Naïve or SA-exposed WT mice were vaccinated i.p. with PBS (n = 8), CAF01 (n = 22 in d and 19 in e), CAF01IsdB (n = 23 in d and 25 in e), CAF01mntC (n = 11 in d, e) or CAF01IsdA (n = 11 in (d) and 8 in e), then SA challenged on 56 dpv. f SA-exposed WT mice were vaccinated with CAF01 (n = 7) or CAF01FhuD2 (n = 5), then SA challenged 85 dpv. g, h WT mice were exposed to SA i.p., then subcutaneously vaccinated with Alum, AIsdB, CAF01 or CAF01IsdB (3x, weekly apart), then challenged with SA intradermal 7dpv. Skin lesions (g, n = 10) and CFU measured on 4 days after (h, n = 5). Data were from one to four independent experiments with each data point representing one mouse. The data are presented as mean ± SD of biological replicates, except for (g). The data in (a, b, d, e, g) were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric one-way ANOVA test, data in (c) by one-way ANOVA test, while the data in (f, h) by two-tailed non-parametric unpaired Mann-Whitney T test. Box plots in (g) are presented as min. to max. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns, non-significant. dpv, days post-last vaccination. SA, Staphylococcus aureus. WT-wild-type. Source data are provided as Source Data File.