Fig. 2: Magnitudes and specificities of autologous HIV-1 Env-reactive binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by neonate and adult SHIV infection.

A Longitudinal plasma spanning 24 months post neonate and adult SHIV infection in RMs were tested for binding autologous (CH848 10.17 DT.E169K) SOSIP trimer and gp120 monomer. Binding was measured in ELISA and the binding titers were reported as Log AUC. Data shown represent average binding log AUC titers of 2-3 biological replicates. Blue line represents plasma binding antibody responses in SHIV-infected neonate RMs, whereas the red line represents plasma binding antibody responses in SHIV-infected adult RMs. At the first time point, plasma binding antibody responses in SHIV-infected neonate RMs (N = 11) were statistically significantly higher than plasma binding antibody responses in SHIV-infected adult RMs (N = 11) for both the autologous SOSIP and the gp120 monomer (p = 0.001 in both cases by 2-way paired Wilcoxon test, and p = 3.7 × 10⁻⁷ and 0.009 via ANOVA test from fitting a viral load adjusted generalized linear model). The same tests at the last time point yielded not significant p-values (p = 0.76 and 0.99 for trimer and monomer, respectively, by 2-way paired Wilcoxon test; and p = 0.77 and 0.63 via ANOVA test for trimer and monomer, respectively). See control mAb binding in Figure S2. Due to limited sample availability in neonate RMs, plasma from HIV-1 negative dams (prior to SHIV infection) corresponding to each neonate RM was used as month 0 samples in ELISAs. B Longitudinal plasma antibodies elicited in neonatal (blue) and adult (red) SHIV infection were tested for neutralization of autologous SHIV CH848 10.17 DT.E169K [−V1 glycans] (left panel) and CH848 10.17 E169K [+V1 glycans] (right panel) in TZM-bl cells in a single experiment. Neutralization titer was measured as Log ID50 (reciprocal dilution) and horizontal bars indicate geometric means. Each symbol represents a different animal. To maximize sample availability per animal, we tested samples within intervals of 5–6, 10–14 and 16–18 months post-SHIV infection. Comparisons at first and last time point between neonate (N = 11) and dam-adult (N = 11) titers were obtained from 2-way paired Wilcoxon test (green) and ANOVA test from fitting viral-load adjusted generalized linear models (purple). A, B Source data are provided as a Source Data file.