Fig. 5: Vapor stimuli-responsive actuators.

a Bending-recovering behavior of COF-LZU1 films (5 mm × 1 mm) placed in an ethyl acetate vapor or air atmosphere at room temperature. b Images of a flower with a closed-open-closed transformation upon alternate exposure to ethyl acetate vapor or air. c Plot of the reversible deformation cycles of the COF-LZU1 films. d Schematic illustration of the bending-unbending actuation of a COF-LZU1 films.