Fig. 6: Cosine similarity between the representations of the task and tuning block stimuli.

a Trial-averaged APrE activity of 206 neurons simultaneously recorded in an example session (Go/NoGo angle = 90°), during the presentation of the Go (top panel) and NoGo cues (bottom panel). In both panels, neurons are ordered as a function of their response intensity to the Go stimulus presentation. b Cosine similarity between the neuronal activity patterns evoked by the Go and NoGo cues that are shown in (a). c Same representation as in (b) for all the Go/NoGo angles of all the mice (thin grey lines: individual mice; colored lines: averages across mice). d Mouse behavioral performance (D’) as a function of the average cosine similarity between the Go and NoGo neuronal responses during the first 2 s of the visual stimulus presentation. The color code for individual sessions corresponds to the one used in (c). Black shapes indicate the mean across mice for the different Go/NoGo angles. Vertical colored lines indicate the cosine similarity measured during the baseline activity immediately preceding the visual stimulus (duration: 1 s, see colored horizontal lines in (c)). The horizontal dotted line indicates the maximum D’ that can be obtained with random performance. e Self-similarity computed using 1000 random 2-half splits of the Go (left) or NoGo (right) trials for the 90° and 15° Go/NoGo angles. Same color code as in (c). f Self-similarity and Go/NoGo similarity for all sessions (n = 10) and Go/NoGo angles. Paired Wilcoxon test, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01. g Activity evoked in the orientation space by the 30° and 60° stimuli of the tuning curve block in trained (top) and naïve (bottom) animals h. Average cosine similarity between all pairs of tuning block stimuli in trained (upper triangle) and naive (lower triangle) animals. i Average difference between trained and naive mice of the z-scored similarity measured for each pair of adjacent stimuli. The shaded area indicates the bootstrapped 95% confidence interval.