Fig. 5: Penetration depth and resolution of NIR-II CL/FL imaging.

A Schematic illustration of tissue penetration (1% Intralipid) in both NIR-II FL/CL channels. B NIR-II CL imaging with different thicknesses of 1% Intralipid. C NIR-II FL imaging with different thicknesses of 1% Intralipid. D–F Cross-sectional intensity profiles of CL-O3, CL-S3, and CL-Se3 (green-dashed) in the NIR-II CL images in B at the depths of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 cm. G SBR for NIR-II CL images as a function of tissue depth in D–F. H–J Cross-sectional intensity profiles of FL-O3, FL-S3, and FL-Se3 (green-dashed) in the NIR-II FL images in C at the depths of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 cm. K SBR for NIR-II FL images as a function of tissue depth in H-J. Data are the mean ± SD; n = 3 independent experiments.