Table 1 Baseline characteristics for all included participants in this study
From: Integrated multiomics signatures to optimize the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer
Characteristics | Development cohort | External test set (n = 314) | p value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entire (n = 1718) | Training (n = 1030) | Validation (n = 344) | Internal test (n = 344) | |||
Age at diagnosis, years | 0.508 | |||||
≤50, n (%) | 348 (20.3) | 207 (20.1) | 67 (19.5) | 74 (21.5) | 61 (19.4) | |
>50, n (%) | 1370 (79.7) | 823 (79.9) | 277 (80.5) | 270 (78.5) | 253 (80.6) | |
Mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 12.4 | 56.0 ± 12.4 | 55.8 ± 12.1 | 55.6 ± 12.8 | 56.2 ± 12.1 | 0.544 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.549 | |||||
Female | 1019 (59.3) | 618 (60.0) | 193 (56.1) | 208 (60.5) | 197 (62.7) | |
Male | 699 (40.7) | 412 (40.0) | 151 (43.9) | 136 (39.5) | 117 (37.3) | |
Smoking history, n (%) | 470 (27.4) | 281 (27.3) | 94 (27.3) | 95 (27.6) | 87 (27.7) | 0.979 |
Radiological type, n (%) | 0.011 | |||||
Pure GGO | 385 (22.4) | 226 (21.9) | 86 (25.0) | 73 (21.2) | 84 (26.8) | |
Part-solid | 727 (42.3) | 433 (42.0) | 147 (42.7) | 147 (42.7) | 144 (45.9) | |
Pure solid | 606 (35.3) | 371 (36.0) | 111 (32.3) | 124 (36.0) | 86 (27.4) | |
Radiological size†, n (%) | ||||||
≤10 mm | 433 (29.1) | 258 (28.9) | 87 (29.9) | 88 (28.8) | 72 (28.3) | 0.914 |
15≤size≤30 mm | 466 (27.1) | 290 (28.2) | 88 (25.6) | 88 (25.6) | 66 (21.0) | 0.167 |
>30 mm | 179 (10.4) | 95 (9.2) | 35 (10.2) | 49 (14.2) | 30 (9.6) | 0.064 |
Mean ± SD | 15.9 ± 13.5 | 15.6 ± 12.7 | 15.9 ± 14.1 | 17.0 ± 15.0 | 14.3 ± 11.6 | 0.012 |
Emphysema, n (%) | 212 (12.3) | 131 (12.7) | 40 (11.6) | 41 (11.9) | 39 (12.4) | 0.844 |
Spiculation, n (%) | 174 (10.1) | 106 (10.3) | 29 (8.4) | 39 (11.3) | 34 (10.8) | 0.835 |
Location, n (%) | 0.114 | |||||
Left lobe | 683 (39.8) | 408 (39.6) | 126 (36.6) | 149 (43.3) | 117 (37.7) | |
Right lobe | 1035 (60.2) | 622 (60.4) | 218 (63.4) | 195 (56.7) | 197 (62.7) | |
Upper lobe | 1023 (59.5) | 609 (59.1) | 211 (61.3) | 203 (59.0) | 181 (57.6) | 0.722 |
PET examination, n (%) | 235 (13.7) | 148 (14.4) | 36 (10.5) | 51 (14.8) | 36 (11.5) | 0.204 |
FDG avidity#, n (%) | 0.439 | |||||
Absent uptake | 13 (5.5) | 8 (5.4) | 3 (8.3) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | |
Faint uptake | 54 (23.0) | 38 (25.7) | 5 (13.9) | 11 (21.6) | 12 (33.3) | |
Moderate uptake | 129 (54.9) | 79 (53.4) | 17 (47.2) | 33 (64.7) | 21 (58.3) | |
Intense uptake | 39 (16.6) | 23 (15.5) | 11 (30.6) | 5 (9.8) | 3 (8.3) | |
Histology, n (%) | 0.755 | |||||
Malignant disease | 1351 (78.6) | 795 (77.2) | 282 (82.0) | 274 (80.0) | 247 (78.7) | |
Benign disease | 367 (21.4) | 235 (22.8) | 62 (18.0) | 70 (20.3) | 67 (21.3) | |
