Table 2 Logistic regression analyses for the association between malignancy and patient characteristic on the training data set (n = 1030)

Age at diagnosis, year

1.021 (1.010–1.033)

<0.001

1.039 (1.019–1.059)

<0.001

Sex (Male)

0.582 (0.434–0.780)

<0.001

0.627 (0.390–1.008)

0.054

Smoking history (ever)

1.262 (0.900–1.768)

0.177

Radiological type

<0.001

0.092

 Pure GGO

Ref.

Ref.

 Part-solid

0.388 (0.212–0.709)

0.002

0.550 (0.254–1.191)

0.129

 Pure solid

0.089 (0.050-0.159)

<0.001

0.363 (0.146-0.904)

0.030

Solid-component size, mm

0.984 (0.974-0.995)

0.004

1.042 (1.021-1.064)

<0.001

Emphysema

0.718 (0.475-1.083)

0.114

Spiculation

1.896 (1.076-3.342)

0.027

2.405 (0.989-5.844)

0.053

Location (left lobe)

0.873 (0.650-1.174)

0.370

Upper lobe

1.465 (1.093-1.963)

0.011

0.979 (0.616-1.555)

0.929

FDG avidity^#

0.072

 No PET examination

Ref.

Ref.

 Absent uptake

0.042 (0.005-0.343)

0.003

0.079 (0.005-1.301)

0.076

 Faint uptake

0.945 (0.440-2.029)

0.885

1.397 (0.405-4.818)

0.596

 Moderate uptake

0.994 (0.574-1.721)

0.982

1.161 (0.492-2.736)

0.734

 Intense uptake

6.452 (0.864-48.160)

0.069

15.201 (1.434-161.120)

0.024

DL-radiomics score

1.075 (1.065-1.086)

<0.001

1.087 (1.070-1.106)

<0.001

6bp-5mC score

1.065 (1.055-1.075)

<0.001

1.054 (1.042-1.067)

<0.001

6bp-5hmC score

1.175 (1.132-1.219)

<0.001

1.124 (1.075-1.176)

<0.001