Fig. 6: Selective mutations change the binding landscape through different microscopic mechanisms.

a–c Inferred kon versus measured koff (both median ± SEM) for WT MAX and selective mutations across many E-box variants; dashed line indicates linear fit minimizing error in x- and y-dimensions. Replicate counts for all Kd and koff measurements are contained in Supplementary Data 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d Three-state model and associated microscopic rate constants for TF binding with a single bound conformation. e Simulated rate constants (left) and affinities (middle and right) for many fmotif values with binding model illustrated in (d). f Five-state model and associated microscopic rate constants for TF binding with multiple unbound and bound conformations with different intrinsic selectivities. g, h Simulated rate constants (left) and affinities (middle and right) for many fmotif values with binding model illustrated in (f). i Cartoon model illustrating idealized energetic landscapes for Pho4 (orange), MAX (teal), and three MAX mutations.