Fig. 5: Monitoring photocatalytic CO₂ reduction on In-MOF/GO using in situ FT-IR spectroscopy.

a Reference FT-IR spectra of self-supported In-MOF with KBr as background; In situ FT-IR spectra collected during the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction on In-MOF/GO under b 10% CO₂ and 90% Ar, c 100% ¹³CO₂, and d 10% CO₂, 20% O₂ and 70% Ar atmospheres. The FT-IR spectra shown in (a–d) were collected per 0.6 s (bottom to top); the total illumination time was 6 s. The top spectrum in (b) was collected after the illumination was terminated to show the reversible structural alternation of the catalyst. The background for (b–d) was collected right before illumination for each sample. e Schematic illustration of the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction on one structural unit of In-MOF; In, C, O, and H are shown as green, gray, red and white circles, respectively. Source data for Fig. 5a–d are provided as a Source Data file.