Fig. 1: Morphological and structural characterization of Ru-1, Ru-2 and Ru-3.

Aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM images of a Ru-1, b Ru-2, and c Ru-3. d Ru K-edge XANES spectra of Ru foil, Ru-1, Ru-2, Ru-3 and RuO2. e Ru k3-weighted Fourier transform of the EXAFS spectra of Ru foil, Ru-1, Ru-2, Ru-3 and RuO2. f CO-probe DRIFTS results of CO-absorbed Ru-1, Ru-2 and Ru-3. Ru ensembles (Rue) including Ruc and Rup.