Fig. 6: Average performance across all models with 1, 2, 3, and 4 modalities for 1-year death and OS.

Markers and error bars correspond to the mean average performance and ± 1 standard deviation respectively, estimated across the 100 cross-validation schemes. The box-and-whisker plots show the three quartiles and the minimum and maximum as whiskers up to \(1.5\,\times {IQR}\)(25–75%). Mean increases are represented with dashed lines and bold annotations. Red annotations correspond to two-sided paired sample t test p-values to compare the different numbers of integrated modalities (e.g., 1 modality vs 2 modalities), with \({n}_{{models}}\) = 8 for 1-year death and \({n}_{{models}}\) = 6 for OS. *: 1e-2 <\({p}_{{val}}\,\)≤ 5e-2, **: 1e-4 <\({p}_{{val}}\,\)≤ 1e-3, ***: \({p}_{{val}}\) ≤ 1e-4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.