Fig. 7: Contemporary Omicron variants exhibit distinct patterns of antigenicity and innate immune activation.

A Antigenic cartography map demonstrating substantial antigenic differences between Omicron variants. Multidimensional scaling was used to show the antigenic distance between different antigens and sera obtained from I.T. inoculated hamsters, based on live VN titers. Hamster sera are shown in squares, and antigens are shown in circles. Most JN.1 sera could not be included because of insufficient non-zero VN titers. B–H Expression of IFN-stimulated genes in SARS-CoV-2 infected nasal ALI cultures and ihLOs was measured by qRT-PCR. Fold change in expression was calculated relative to timepoint-matched mock-infected controls. Samples were analyzed at 48 h post-inoculation and at the experimental endpoint (96 h post-inoculation for nasal ALI cultures, and 72 h post-inoculation for ihLOs). The mean fold change of n ≥ 3 replicates is shown. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test. P-values adjusted for multiple comparisons < 0.05 for comparisons versus mock-infected controls are indicated. **** < 0.0001, *** < 0.001, ** < 0.01, * < 0.05.