Fig. 2: Average annual commitments by value chain stage (fossil fuels) or power generation technology (RETs).
From: Quantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy
a Average annual commitments in fossil fuel value chains. b Average annual commitments for renewable power generation projects. Commitments aggregate both direct lending and guarantees and are calculated within periods. The definitions of each value chain stage or technology correspond to available ISO standards (see “Methods”). We omit nuclear projects here, given the small number of deals in our sample (n = 4). The category ‘Other or mixed’ for Renewables includes deals in mixed or unspecified renewables (n = 95), waste-to-energy (n = 8), biogas (n = 6), biomass (n = 6), geothermal (n = 5) and green hydrogen (n = 3). Data coverage is global but excludes Export Development Canada, the Canadian ECA, and underrepresents some countries that insufficiently report to TXF according to data triangulation (e.g., China and Mexico, see Supplementary Fig. 1, 2b). We triangulate the results displayed here using tertiary data from Oil Change International, a non-governmental organization, in Supplementary Fig. 4. Period P1 refers to Pre-Paris (2013-2015), P2 to post-Paris (2016-2019), P3 to the Pandemic (2020-2021), and P4 to post-Glasgow (2022-2023).
