Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of the PVA-EBPD hydrogel sensor with ultra-low detection limit and instantaneous self-recovery for TMD diagnosis.

a Structural composition of PVA-EBPD hydrogel sensor. b Ultra-low detection limit and instantaneous self-recovery of PVA-EBPD hydrogel sensor. c PVA-EBPD hydrogel sensor for DDwR monitoring.