Fig. 2: Pooled exposure-response relationship curves of the cumulative excess heatwave index (CEHWI) for daytime, nighttime, and day-night compound heatwaves in relation with cardiovascular disease mortality, along with the corresponding CEHWI distributions.

a East Asia; b South Korea; c Japan; d China. The solid lines represent the estimated cumulative relative risks (point estimates) of mortality on heatwave days compared to non-heatwave days, while the shaded areas denote the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The vertical dotted lines, from left to right, indicate the 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the regional CEHWI distribution during heatwaves. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.