Table 2 Summary demographics of Khula study participants (mothers)

From: Early life microbial succession in the gut follows common patterns in humans across the globe

 

Overall (N = 252a)

Maternal Place of Birth

South Africa

249 (98.8%)

In the African Continent (not South Africa)

3 (1.2%)

Primary Spoken Language

Xhosa Language

245 (97.2%)

Sotho Language

2 (0.8%)

English Language

2 (0.8%)

Zulu Language

1 (0.4%)

Ndebele Language

1 (0.4%)

Afrikaans Language

1 (0.4%)

Maternal Educational Attainmentb

Completed Grade 6 (Standard 4) to Grade 7 (Standard 5)

5 (2.0%)

Completed Grade 8 (Standard 6) to Grade 11 (Standard 9)i.e., high school without matriculating

116 (46.0%)

Completed Grade 12 (Standard 10) i.e., high school

102 (40.5%)

Part of university/ college/ post-matric education

15 (5.9%)

Completed university/ college/ post-matric education

14 (5.6%)

Maternal Monthly Incomec (South African Rand/ZAR)

Unknown

22 (8.7%)

Less than R1000 per month

44 (17.5%)

R1000 - R5000 per month

121 (48.0%)

R5000 - R10,000 per month

57 (22.6%)

More than R10 000 per month

8 (3.2%)

Depression Scored

Mean (SD)

12.9 (8.79)

Median [Min, Max]

12.0 [0, 42.0]

Infant Biological Sex

Female

119 (47.2%)

Male

133 (52.8%)

  1. aTable lists only Khula study participants that had at least one sample included in this work. For the full cohort demographics, see Zieff, M. R. et al. (2024).
  2. bThe South African Educational System was formerly divided into years called standards, similarly to the way the United States Educational System is divided into grades. The equivalent in terms of standards is provided in parentheses next to each mentioned grade. “University/College/Post-Matric Education” refers to tertiary or post-secondary education as defined by the World Bank.
  3. cAt the time of writing (JUN 15, 2024), 1 US Dollar = 18.35 South African Rand (ZAR).
  4. dDepression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at enrollment.
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