Fig. 1: The activity of TRPML1 channel finely controls macrophage IL-1β production.

a MCOLN1 mRNA levels were analyzed in leukocytes harvested from the serum of healthy controls, UC, or CD patients. The line inside the box denotes the median value, while the top and bottom of the box contain the 25th to 75th percentiles of the dataset. The whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values. b MCOLN1, MCOLN2, and MCOLN3 mRNA levels in colonic tissues collected from healthy controls, active UC, or inactive UC patients were analyzed based on the RNA-seq data. c Volcano plot representing differentially expressed genes in BMDMs treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) vs LPS (100 ng/mL) + ML-SA5 (0.1 μM) conditions. d GSEA enrichment plot displayed IBD signaling pathway (Hsa05321) was enriched within the down-regulated genes in the ML-SA5-treated BMDMs upon LPS stimulation. e IL1B mRNA levels in BMDMs under the indicated conditions. f Relative IL1B mRNA expression in TRPML1-Tet expressed BMDMs under Vehicle or LPS treatment. g Relative mRNA expression of IL1B in BMDMs cells under LPS or LPS + ML-SA5 treatment for 0, 4, 8 or 24 h. h IL1B mRNA levels under LPS or LPS + ML-SA5 treatment in BMDMs collected from WT or MCOLN1 KO mice. i Relative IL1B mRNA levels in NC shRNA or ML1 shRNA expressed BMDMs under the indicated conditions. j Relative IL6 mRNA expression in BMDMs under LPS or LPS + ML-SA5 treatment for 0, 4, 8, or 24 h. k Representative immunoblots and quantitative analysis of pro-IL-1β protein levels in BMDMs under the indicated conditions. l Representative immunoblots and quantitative analysis of pro-IL-1β protein levels in BMDMs collected from MCOLN1 KO mice under the indicated treatments. m, n Secreted IL-1β by WT BMDMs (m) or by MCOLN1-null BMDMs (n) under the indicated conditions was as measured by ELISA assay. ATP (4 mM for 1 h) was added to facilitate the secretion of IL-1β in all groups. The line inside the box denotes the median value and the whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values. Means ± SEMs were shown in b, e–h, I, j, k. Significant differences were evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.