Table 6 Associations between medical conditions and LCINS in both datasets adjusted for ever use of medications

From: Inflammatory diseases and risk of lung cancer among individuals who have never smoked

Condition

Medication(s)

aORUnadj (95%CI)

aORCond (95%CI)

aORMed (95%CI)

Population: CPRD-GOLD

 COPD

Oral Corticosteroids

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.42 (1.74,3.35)

1.44 (1.22,1.70)

 COPD

LABA

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.64 (1.88,3.71)

1.25 (0.95,1.65)

 COPD

SABA

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.60 (1.86,3.63)

1.18 (1.00,1.39)

 COPD

Inhaled Corticosteroids

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.84 (2.02,4.00)

1.04 (0.85,1.26)

 COPD

Antimuscarinic Bronchodilators

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.19 (1.50,3.19)

1.76 (1.20,2.57)

 COPD

Macrolides

2.91 (2.12,3.99)

2.87 (2.09,3.94)

1.07 (0.93,1.24)

 GERD

PPIs

1.39 (1.11,1.74)

1.24 (0.97,1.57)

1.23 (1.08,1.40)

 GERD

H2 Receptor Antagonists

1.39 (1.11,1.74)

1.31 (1.04,1.65)

1.31 (1.10,1.56)

 GERD

Antacid

1.39 (1.11,1.74)

1.27 (1.01,1.61)

1.32 (1.12,1.55)

 Gastritis/NIGC

PPIs

1.56 (1.13,2.16)

1.41 (1.01,1.96)

1.25 (1.10,1.41)

 Gastritis/NIGC

H2 Receptor Antagonists

1.56 (1.13,2.16)

1.45 (1.04,2.02)

1.32 (1.11,1.57)

 Gastritis/NIGC

Antacid

1.56 (1.13,2.16)

1.45 (1.05,2.02)

1.34 (1.14,1.57)

 Psoriasis

Methotrexate

1.35 (0.91,2.00)

1.33 (0.90,1.97)

1.60 (0.90,2.84)

 Lupus

Immunosupressing

4.54 (1.55,13.28)

3.84 (1.28,11.47)

2.32 (1.55,3.49)

 Lupus

Oral Corticosteroids

4.54 (1.55,13.28)

3.93 (1.33,11.57)

1.57 (1.34,1.85)

 Lupus

NSAIDs

4.54 (1.55,13.28)

4.55 (1.55,13.32)

0.99 (0.88,1.11)

 Rosacea

Macrolides

1.44 (0.99,2.10)

1.42 (0.97,2.07)

1.10 (0.96,1.27)

 Rosacea

Tetracyclines

1.44 (0.99,2.10)

1.32 (0.90,1.93)

1.23 (1.04,1.45)

Population: CPRD-Aurum

 COPD

Oral Corticosteroids

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

2.66 (2.03,3.49)

1.22 (1.07,1.40)

 COPD

Antimuscarinic Bronchodilators

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

2.10 (1.54,2.86)

2.00 (1.47,2.71)

 COPD

SABA

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

2.36 (1.79,3.12)

1.36 (1.19,1.54)

 COPD

LABA

2.90 (2.23,3.78)

2.45 (1.85,3.26)

1.48 (1.18,1.84)

 GERD

Antacid

1.32 (1.09,1.59)

1.24 (1.02,1.51)

1.23 (1.08,1.40)

 GERD

PPIs

1.32 (1.09,1.59)

1.21 (0.99,1.48)

1.16 (1.04,1.29)

 GERD

H2-receptor Antagonists

1.32 (1.09,1.59)

1.24 (1.02,1.51)

1.32 (1.15,1.52)

 Gastritis/NIGGC

Antacid

1.14 (0.84,1.53)

1.07 (0.79,1.45)

1.26 (1.10,1.43)

 Gastritis/NIGGC

PPIs

1.14 (0.84,1.53)

1.05 (0.77,1.42)

1.19 (1.07,1.32)

 Gastritis/NIGGC

H2-receptor Antagonists

1.14 (0.84,1.53)

1.06 (0.78,1.43)

1.35 (1.17,1.55)

  1. aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease, NIGC Non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis
  2. Medication Abbreviations: LABA, Long Acting Beta-2 Agonists; SABA, Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists; PPIs, Proton Pump Inhibitors; NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.
  3. All medication Read and Snomed codes are listed in discoveryMedications.xlsx and ValidationMedications.xlsx.
  4. aORUnadj: Associations between condition (first column) as documented in 1–10 years before selection and LCINS. Conditional regression models are adjusted for age (linear term). Controls were individually matched to cases on year of birth (+/− 2 years); sex; general practice or region (general practice first, then region if we could not identify a control within the same practice); and year of practice registration (+/− 2 year).
  5. aORCond: Same as aORUnad but the statistical model also includes if a prescription for the medication(s) listed in column 2 was observed in the clinical history in the 1–10 years before selection.
  6. aORMed: Association between the medication(s) as documented in the 1–10 years before selection (second column) and LCINS adjusted for age (linear term) and the condition listed in the first column. The statistical model is identical to that described above (aORCond).
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