Fig. 2: Long-bound cohesin confines chromatin motion and shows distinct nuclear localization.

a Schemes of time-lapse illumination alternated with continuous intervals (TACO). Molecules are classified in short and long-bound binding classes comparable to ITM (Fig. 1f) and analyzed during continuous intervals (dark green and dark red bars, see Methods). b Mean jump distances of HT-Rad21 molecules classified as short bound (circles) and long bound (squares) at different developmental phases. pre-ZGA (red): 64-, 128-, 256, 512-cell stages pooled; post-ZGA (green): high, oblong, sphere stages pooled; shield stage (blue) and shield stage with the addition of nibpl-morpholino (MO, cyan). Insets: example tracks. Data represent mean ± s.d. P-values were calculated using a two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test and Multiple Mann-Whitney test with a false discovery rate set to 1% (see p-values in Supplementary Table 10 and statistics in Supplementary Table 11). Scale bar: 1 µm. c Sketch of cohesin-mediated decrease in chromatin motion. d Left: Example nucleus (bold white circle) subdivided into five bins (dotted lines) with the initial positions of long-bound HT-Rad21 tracks (pink). Right: Pooled initial positions of long-bound tracks of all ITM- and TACO measurements at pre-ZGA stages shown in a unit circle. For post-ZGA and shield stage, see Supplementary Fig. 24. e HT-Rad21 track counts per radial bin (compare panel (d), right) normalized to bin area and the highest bin value. Data represented as value ± statistical error (square root of track counts per bin). Statistics are provided in Supplementary Tables 6 and 11. CBD Center-Border-Distance. Source data are provided as a Source Data file for Fig. 2b, e.