Fig. 4: TFE3-induced Lyso-high GBM phenotypes are mediated by PGC1α.

A The expression level of TFE3 targets was compared between TFE3-WT and TFE3-KO TGS04 cells or TFE3-OE and control KGS22 cells. B A Venn diagram and table showing the common TFE3 targets among the 3 indicated groups. C, D Mitochondrial membrane potential (C), mitochondrial ROS (D) of PGC1α-OE TGS04 cells were detected with JC-10, MitoSOX, respectively. E, F lysosomal proteolytic activity and cathepsin B activity of PGC1α-OE TGS04 cells were measured by flow cytometry. G The representative images and quantification of galectin-3 punctation in control and PGC1α-OE TGS04 cells after treatment with LLOMe (50 µM) for 15 min (n = 3 independent samples). Scale bars, 10 µm. H The sphere size formed in a medium containing 1% methylcellulose by control and TFE3-KO (sgTFE3-1 and sgTFE3-2) TGS04 cells with or without PGC1α-OE was evaluated (Control: sgCTRL n = 134; sgTFE3-1 n = 100; sgTFE3-2 n = 113; PGC1α-OE: sgCTRL n = 152; sgTFE3-1 n = 85; sgTFE3-2 n = 128). I The sphere-forming ability of KGS22 cells was evaluated in a medium containing 1% methylcellulose by sphere size in indicated conditions (n = 3 technical replicates). J The sensitivity of control and PGC1α-OE TGS04 cells to TMZ was examined by sphere formation assay after 10 days of treatment (n = 3 technical replicates). For the boxplots (H, I), the line inside the box shows the median value. The bounds of the box represent the 25th–75th percentiles, with whiskers at minimum and maximum values. Data are presented as the means ± SD. Statistical comparison (G, H) using a one-way ANOVA. Statistical comparison (I) using two-tailed Student’s t-tests. Statistical comparison (J) using a two-way ANOVA. ns, not significant. Experiments (H–J) were repeated at least two times with similar results, other experiments were repeated at least three times with similar results. Source data are provided with this paper.