Fig. 3: CO2 electroreduction performance.

a The FE of HCOO– and H2, CO for Bi-MOF, Bi-MOF-MF and Bi-MOF-TS in 1 M KOH (pH = 14 ± 0.1). We applied 3 Ω (75%) IR correction for the test. b Comparison of FE of HCOO– and highest partial current density of formate for Bi-MOF-MF, Bi-MOF-TS, and recently reported Bi-based catalysts in alkaline system. c The FE of HCOOH, CO and H2 for Bi-MOF, Bi-MOF-MF, Bi-MOF-TS in acidic electrolyte. IR correction was not applied. d Comparison of HCOOH FE and highest partial current density for HCOOH for the three catalysts in acidic electrolyte. e stability test for Bi-MOF-TS in a flow-cell at current density of 500 mA cm–2 in acidic electrolyte (pH = 1.5 ± 0.2). No IR correction was performed. All tests were performed at room temperature. Source data for Fig. 3a–e are provided as a Source Data file.