Fig. 5: Structural characterization of catalysts after the CO2RR.

a, b HAADF-STEM image of the Bi-MOF-derived Bi nanosheets. d, e HAADF-STEM image of Bi-MOF-MF-derived Bi nanosheets g, h HAADF-STEM image of Bi-MOF-TS-derived Bi. The insert in Fig. 5h is the magnification of the white-framed section. c, f, i Strain simulation of Bi-MOF-derived Bi nanosheets, Bi-MOF-MF-derived Bi nanosheets, and Bi-MOF-TS-derived Bi nanosheets. The colorful bars in (c, f, i) represent the intensity of strain, where positive values indicate tensile strain and negative values indicate compressive strain.