Fig. 1: Characterization of control-, patient-derived and KO hCOs.
From: Neuronal hyperactivity in neurons derived from individuals with gray matter heterotopia
a Scheme of the generation of hCOs indicating the timepoint used for immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology analysis. iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells), EBs (Embrio bodies), Vit A (Vitamin A), hCOs (human cerebral organoids). Micrographs of 9 months old hCOs sections immunostained for neuronal (DCX, NEUN), progenitor (SOX2) (b) and glial markers (NFIA, S100B) (e) and quantifications of the percentage of positive cells/DAPI (c, d, f). g Scheme of extracellular silicon probe recordings in an intact hCO. h Micrographs of a 9 months old hCO during silicon probe extracellular recording. i Representative recording traces of spontaneous spike activity recorded in control-, patient-derived and KO hCOs. Recordings were performed for 5 min. Quantification of the mean firing rate (j), spike distribution (k), mean burst rate (l) and mean burst duration (m) recorded in control- and patient-derived hCOs. Scale bars: 50 µm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was based on one-way (c, d, f, j, l, m) and two-way (k) ANOVA with Turkey’s multiple comparison tests (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Independent hCOs were analyzed (c, d, f, j–m). Every dot in the plots refers to independently analyzed recording areas (j, l, m) or independent field of view (c, d, f). At least six (n = 6) randomly chosen fields of view or eighteen (n = 18) recording areas were analyzed across three independent batches (N = 3). Source data are provided as a Source Data file, including the exact p-values and n numbers. Created in BioRender. Di Matteo, F. (2025) https://BioRender.com/n12n204.
