Fig. 5: Peripheral CD4⁺ T cells from IBD patients exhibit TF-mediated thrombogenicity.

CD4⁺ T cells were isolated from donor adult human peripheral blood, inflamed non-IBD paediatric peripheral blood and paediatric IBD peripheral blood were plated at a density of 1 × 10⁶/ml and incubated for 24–48 h at 37 °C in AIM-V media supplemented with immune replacement serum. a–d The percentage of cells expressing TF and e their cell surface TF expression was measured by flow cytometry and compared between groups. f–j Plated cells were washed in EDTA-containing PBS, and their ability to initiate thrombin generation was analysed by calibrated automated thrombinography in FXII-deficient plasma. g Lagtime, h peak thrombin levels and i ETP were measured. Furthermore, the ability of isolated T cells to facilitate FXa generation in which the T cells were the sole source of TF, was measured (j). Mann–Whitney U Test (two-tailed) (d, e, g) or Student’s t-test (two-tailed) (j, h, i) was used to determine statistical significance. Data is expressed as mean ± s.e.m. (d, e, g–j) for d, e, j 17 biological donors (n = 12 IBD, n = 2 inflamed non-IBD, N = 3 healthy adult), g–i 21 biological donors (n = 13 IBD, n = 2 inflamed non-IBD, N = 6 healthy adult) and j 18 biological donors (n = 12 IBD, n = 2 inflamed non-IBD, N = 4 healthy adult). Source data are provided in the Source Data file.