Fig. 5: Attribution of impacts through time.

Changes in the potential local species loss attributed to (a) pasture land use, represented by the cow icon, and (b) soy land use, represented by the soybean icon, between 1985 and 2021 calculated with the countryside Species-Area Relationship, at 5 km resolution. Changes are shown as the differences between the local impacts by 2021 and the local impacts by 1985. Source Data is provided in ref. 44.