Table 1 Demographic characteristics and biomarker distribution in the whole sample

From: Phosphorylated tau 181 and 217 are elevated in serum and muscle of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Whole cohort

ALS

AD

Disease controls

p-value

N with serum samples

152 (127 with both serum and CSF samples)

111

99

 

Age (years) mean ± SD

62.34 ± 11.63

74.58 ± 7.39

61.11 ± 13.84

<0.001

Female (%)

32.9

58.6

50.5

0.001

Serum p-tau 181 (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

3.0 (1.6–4.7)

2.8 (1.8–3.6)

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

<0.001

Serum p-tau 217 (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

0.37 (0.19–0.55)

0.73 (0.43–0.92)

0.14 (0.11–0.20)

<0.001

Serum t-tau (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

0.139 (0.078–0.202)

0.245 (0.162–0.358)

0.116 (0.058–0.206)

<0.001

Serum NfL (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

120.0 (70.5–184.3)

45.0 (33.0–60.7)

22.2 (13.0–34.8)

<0.001

CSF p-tau 181 (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

29.5 (20.8–39.5)

116.0 (86.4–146.0)

28.5 (23.0–39.6)

<0.001

CSF NfH (pg/ml)

Median (IQR)

8504 (4351–13,877)

1671 (1267–2178)

1048 (754–1497)

<0.001

  1. Age, sex and biomarkers (serum p-tau 181, serum p-tau 217, serum t-tau, serum NfL, CSF p-tau 181, CSF NfH) in the three diagnostic groups from all cohorts are displayed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR) or as percentage. Depending on the type and distribution of the data, two-sided p-values of Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA or Chi-test are reported. Dunn post-hoc tests (adjustments for multiple comparisons) to compare neurofilament levels between diagnostic groups: serum NfL: ALS vs AD p < 0.001, ALS vs controls p < 0.001, AD vs controls p < 0.001; CSF NfH: ALS vs AD p < 0.001, ALS vs controls p < 0.001, AD vs controls p < 0.001.
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, IQR interquartile range, N number of cases, NfH neurofilament heavy chain protein, NfL neurofilament light chain protein, p-tau phosphorylated tau protein, SD standard deviation, t-tau total tau protein.
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