Fig. 2: Conditional knockout of Tex10 reveals its role in spermatogenesis and male infertility.

a Morphology of representative testes from adult control and Tex10-cKO mice. b The testis and body weight ratio of control and Tex10-cKO adult mice (n = 5 mice per condition). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. p = 0.0016 (**). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c The comparison of the litter sizes produced by wildtype (WT) female mice mated with control and Tex10-cKO mice (n = 4 male mice of control and n = 5 male mice of Tex10-cKO). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. p < 0.0001 (****). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d PAS staining in testis and epididymis sections of control and Tex10-cKO adult mice. The red asterisks indicate vacuoles exhibited in seminiferous tubules. Arrows indicate detached round spermatids. Scale bar, 100 μm. e The percentage of seminiferous tubules containing vacuoles from control and Tex10-cKO adult testis sections (n = 5 mice per condition). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. p = 0.0005 (***). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f The quantification of sperm count from epididymis cauda of control and Tex10-cKO adult mice (n = 5 mice per condition). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. p < 0.0001 (****). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. g Morphology of representative sperms derived from epididymis cauda of control and Tex10-cKO adult mice. The red arrows indicate abnormal sperm shape. Scale bar, 100 μm. h Immunostaining of PNA (green) and DDX4 (red) in control and Tex10-cKO adult testis sections. DAPI shows the nucleus. Scale bar, 100 μm. i The percentage of seminiferous tubules containing PNA-positive cells from control and Tex10-cKO adult testis sections (n = 3 mice per condition). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. p = 0.0029 (**). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. j GSEA plots of spermatogenesis obtained using bulk RNA-seq data on control and Tex10-cKO adult testes.