Fig. 5: Enhanced activation of the TIME post-treatment in patients responsive to chemoimmunotherapy.

a Volcano plot of gene log2 fold change (x-axis) between baseline (n = 13) and post treatment (n = 13) samples of responders (not paired) in the Chemo subgroup versus -log10 P value (y-axis) determined by DEseq2. Points with P value < 0.05 and log2 fold change <−1 or > 1 are shown in blue and red, respectively. b Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showing the most significantly enriched pathways in responders of Chemo subgroup (post treatment vs. baseline). Bar length represents normalized enrichment score (NES). c, d Bar plot showing immune score (c) and tumor immune microenvironment infiltration (d) between baseline (n = 13) and post treatment group (n = 13) in the Chemo subgroup responders. e Bar plot demonstrating T cell activation related genes expression between baseline (n = 13) and post treatment group (n = 13) in the Chemo subgroup responders. f Bar plot demonstrating immune checkpoints related genes expression between baseline (n = 13) and post treatment group (n = 13) in the Chemo subgroup responders. Centers, boxes, whiskers, and dots indicate medians, quantiles, minima / maxima, and outliers, respectively. FC, fold change; P value as determined by two-tailed Wald test (a), two-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test (c–f). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.