Fig. 1: Manipulation of ethylene signaling affects AM in Lotus japonicus.
From: Ethylene promotes SMAX1 accumulation to inhibit arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis
Percent root length colonization (RLC) (A–C) of wild-type L. japonicus at 4 wpi with R. irregularis (AMF) treated with ethylene precursors, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) or ethephon or with the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at the indicated concentrations. D Percent RLC of ein2 single and double mutants at 4 wpi. E, F Percent total RLC of ein2 double mutants co-cultured with AMF for 4 (E) or 6 (F) weeks, and treated with ACC or ethephon at indicated concentrations. Experiments in A–D were performed three times independently with similar results. A–D; Kruskal-Wallis test [for (A) N = 13 for 0 μM and 200 μM ACC,11 for 500 μM ACC, Kruskal-Wallis H statistic = 82.62 for total, 23.91 for arbuscules, 23.40 for vesicles; for (B) N = 8 for 0 μM and 100 μM Ethephon, 9 for 10 μM, Kruskal-Wallis H statistic = 67.87 for total, 21.14 for arbuscules, 19.57 for vesicles; for (C) N = 7 for 0 μM and 2 μM AVG, 8 for 10 μM AVG, Kruskal-Wallis H statistic = 54.35 for total, 11.22 for arbuscules, 5.972 for vesicles; for (D) N = 14 for WT and ein2a-2, 21 for ein2b-1, 10 for ein2a ein2b, Kruskal-Wallis H statistic = 137.4 for total, 18.10 for arbuscules, 14.13 for vesicles] with Dunn’s posthoc comparison. Different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments or genotypes. E, F Welch and Brown-Forsythe one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell’s multiple comparisons test [for E N = 6 for WT, 5 for ein2a ein2b, F* (DFn, DFd) = 213.4 (3.000, 7.542) & W (DFn, DFd) = 538.8 (3.000, 8.257) and for (F) N = 5 for 0 μM ethephon/WT, 6 for 100 μM ethephon/WT and 0 μM ethephon/ein2a ein2b, 8 for 100 μM ethephon/ein2a ein2b, F* (DFn, DFd) = 108.8 (3.000, 14.06) & W (DFn, DFd) = 70.56 (3.000, 10.74)]. Different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments or genotypes.
