Fig. 4: Metabolic pathways related to maternal urinary metals and neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children (N = 1088).

A Cluster heatmap of metabolic pathways for each maternal urinary metal. Statistical tests were performed with two-sided tests, with statistical significance set at 0.05. The color of the heatmap represents −log10(P-value) of metabolic pathways. B Venn diagrams of significantly enriched KEGG pathway from one or more of the maternal urinary metals, MDI, and PDI scores (P < 0.05). Statistical tests were performed with two-sided tests, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. MDI mental development index, PDI psychomotor development index, Cr chromium, Mn manganese, Pb lead, Ni nickel, Cd cadmium, Tl thallium, V vanadium, Al aluminum, Rb rubidium, Ga gallium, As arsenic.