Fig. 1: Marine ecological restoration in some soft and hard-bottom shallow-water habitats can now draw from largely established and standardised protocols.
From: Assessing the success of marine ecosystem restoration using meta-analysis
Upper panels: a nursery for brown macroalgae to aid in restoring hard bottoms at shallow depths (left panel) and the transplant of habitat-forming species (e.g., gorgonians) for hard-bottom restoration in the Western Mediterranean Sea (right panel). Lower panels: transplant of the endemic Mediterranean seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) (left); cultivation of pillow corals (e.g., Cladocora caespitosa) on hard bottoms (central); rearing of deep-water corals for subsequent transplanting into a defaunated deep-sea habitats (right).
