Fig. 4: Modelled additional ice shelf melt from subglacial discharge.

Predicted additional basal melt rate due to subglacial discharge (modelled: red; power law approximation \((\dot{m}=3.78{F}^{0.54})\): blue; subglacial flux multiple \(F\) is the subglacial flux used divided by 80 m3 s−1, the background subglacial discharge rate for the main drainage network, subglacial flux multiple of 8 corresponds to the order of magnitude of the combined peak discharge of all seven Thwaites lakes in 2013. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.