Fig. 4: Deterministic and stochastic processes play different roles in the bacterial community assembly across ecotypes and terrestrial ecosystems.

a–c Quantified importance of ecological processes to the community assembly for (a) all taxa, (b) ecotypes, and (c) ecosystems. Deterministic processes include heterogeneous selection and homogeneous selection. Stochastic processes include dispersal limitation, homogenizing dispersal, and drift. d Modified Mantel correlation between environmental variables and ecological processes. The grey dash line indicates adjusted two-sided P < 0.05 (log).