Fig. 4: Validation of power-free isokinetic training.

a Comparison between regenerated power and consumed power of 10 healthy subjects. b Comparison of the average power of healthy subjects (n = 10). \(p=4.84*{10}^{-5}\). c The maximum torque generated from subject 10 and minimum torque generated from subject 1 within one repetition of lifting-retracting movement. d Comparison between regenerated power and consumed power of 10 post-surgical subjects. ACL anterior cruciate ligament, MCL medial collateral ligament, PD patellar dislocation. e Comparison of the average power of 10 post-surgical subjects (n = 10). \(p=2.01*{10}^{-7}\,\). f The maximum torque generated from subject 4 and minimum torque generated from subject 5 within one repetition of lifting-retracting movement. The dashed border represents the regenerated power, while the solid border represents the consumed power. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *Refers to p-value < 0.05 by two-tail t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.