Fig. 2: Culture supernatants from various AmII clade strains unilaterally inhibit AmI clade growth in vitro. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Culture supernatants from various AmII clade strains unilaterally inhibit AmI clade growth in vitro.

From: Clade-specific extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila mediate competitive colonization via direct inhibition and immune stimulation

Fig. 2: Culture supernatants from various AmII clade strains unilaterally inhibit AmI clade growth in vitro.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A Changes in relative abundance of EB-AMDK19(AmI) and EB-AMDK39 (AmII) after in vitro co-culture. Equal numbers of EB-AMDK19 and EB-AMDK39 were co-inoculated into mucin-rich media. Values are averaged from three biological replicates. B Changes in relative abundance of A. muciniphila clades upon addition of EB-AMDK39 to EB-AMDK19-enriched culture. EB-AMDK39 (1 × 108 CFU) was additionally inoculated into EB-AMDK19-enriched culture (1 × 1010 CFU/culture). C Changes in growth of EB-AMDK19 (AmI) and EB-AMDK39 upon the treatment with culture supernatants derived from EB-AMDK19 and EB-AMDK39. D, E Changes in growth of various A. muciniphila strains belonging to AmI and AmII clades upon treatment with supernatants derived from the EB-AMDK39 (D) and from the other AmII clade strains (E). Growth of each A. muciniphila strain was measured as OD600 at 48 h after inoculation (AmI strains: black, AmII strains: red). Growth was depicted as a percentage of media control (n = 3 biological replicates). Cell-free supernatants derived from A. muciniphila strains were prepared through filtration (0.2 µm). At least, two independent experiments showed similar results. Statistical differences were determined using two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison tests. ns: not significant. Error bars represent SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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