Fig. 5: Mechanism of the Zn2+ plating/stripping behaviours on Zn@PAH/PAA.

a In-situ Raman spectra of the Zn@PAH/PAA electrode at 35 mA cm−2 for 3600 s each cycle. (s: stripping, p: plating). b The binding energy of different coordination structures of PAA−. c The binding energy of different coordination structures of PAH+. d Schematic diagram of the Zn deposition process on Zn@PAH/PAA.