Fig. 2: Generation of a chronic kidney disease model by CID administration during a fetal period.

a Serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and urinary osmolality (U-OSM) in male and female Six2-iC9^+/+ administered CID on E13.5 at 1 and 2 months of age, compared with those of male wild-type mice. BUN measurements were only feasible for values up to 140 mg/dL. b Stereomicroscopic images of kidneys at 2 months of age of male wild-type mice (upper) and Six2-iC9^+/+ mice administered CID on E13.5 (lower). Scale bars, 2 mm. c Masson’s trichrome staining of (b). Scale bars, 1 mm. d The glomerular number in longitudinal sections of kidneys at 2 months of age. e The magnified images of (c). Scale bars, 200 μm. f Immunostaining for IBA1⁺ macrophages and NPHS1⁺ glomeruli. Scale bars, 500 μm in left and 200 μm in right. Glomerular (g) and proximal tubular (h) diameter of kidneys at 2 months of age. i Paraffin section immunostaining images of cortex and medulla of (b) that stain LTL⁺ proximal tubules, ECAD⁺ distal tubules, and CK8⁺ collecting ducts. Scale bars, 500 μm. j Percentage of fibrotic areas stained blue in Masson’s trichrome staining within the cortical region. k Relative RNA expression of fibrosis-related genes at 2 months of age. The data were analyzed using 9 male wild-type, 11 male Six2-iC9^+/+, and 10 female Six2-iC9^+/+ individuals in (a), 4 individuals in (d), (g), (h), (j), and 9 individuals in (k), and are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Source data for all individuals used in these analyses are provided as a Source Data file. Acta2, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle; CID, chemical inducer of dimerization; CK8, cytokeratin 8; Col1a1, collagen type I alpha 1 chain; Fn1, fibronectin 1; IBA1, Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1; ECAD, E-cadherin; LTL, lotus tetragonolobus lectin.