Fig. 1: Uterine epithelial deficiency of Foxa2 disrupts normal glandular morphological development before implantation.

a 3D visualization of day 4 mouse uteri in Foxa2^f/f Ltf^+/+ and Foxa2^f/f Ltf^Cre/+ females. Original (staining of E-Cadherin), segmented, and 3D rendered images of day 4 uteri. Five randomly selected individual glands from each group are colored in yellow to present the morphology. Scale bars: 200 μm. b Schematic definition of gland classification. Glands are classified to 3 types: 0, 1, and >1 branch. c Quantification of gland morphology in Foxa2^f/f Ltf^+/+ (n = 3 uterine horns from 3 independent mice) and Foxa2^f/f Ltf^Cre/+ (n = 3 uterine horns from 3 independent mice) females using the criteria defined in panel (b). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test with equal variance assumed) d Diameters of Foxa2^f/f Ltf^+/+ (n = 20 glands from 3 independent mice) and Foxa2^f/f Ltf^Cre/+ (n = 20 glands from 3 independent mice) glands on day 4 of pregnancy. Data points represent individual gland measurements. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test with equal variance assumed (mean ± SEM). e 3D visualization of wild-type mouse uteri from days 1, 2, 3, and 4 of pregnancy. Selected glands are colored in red with 0 branch, green with 1 branch, and yellow with more than 1 branch. Scale bars: 100 and 300 μm. M mesometrial pole, AM antimesometrial pole. f Quantification of gland branches in wild-type females on days 1–4 of pregnancy. Glands are randomly selected from 3 uterine horns of 3 independent mice. Statistical significance was assessed using a Chi-square test (*P < 0.005). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.