Fig. 8: Calcium response patterns of Pde11a positive neurons in the medial ZI during sleep-wakefulness cycle.

a Schematic and representative images (right) showing in vivo recording of calcium response pattern of GCamP6s- or mCherry-expressing Pde11a positive neurons in ZIm. Gray column indicates the position of optical fiber. Scale bars, 500 μm and 250 μm (zoom-in image). The experiment was independently repeated 5 times with similar results. b Schematic diagram showing the behavioral paradigm for fiber photometry, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) recordings in freely moving mice. c Sample trace showing the changes of fluorescent calcium signal of ZIm^Pde11a neurons aligned to sleep- wakefulness state transitions. NREM (yellow bar), non-rapid eye movement; REM (green bar), rapid eye movement; Wake (blue bar). d Average trace and heatmap showing changes of the fluorescent calcium signal of ZIm^Pde11a neurons during sleep-wakefulness state transitions. The red trace showed average fluorescent GCaMP6s or control mCherry (gray) signals, while shaded areas indicate standard error of mean (SEM). e Statistical analysis of the area under curve (AUC) of average fluorescent calcium signal of ZIm^Pde11a neurons during sleep-wakefulness state transitions. N = 5 mice per group. *P = 0.0207 (NREM to REM), *P = 0.0332 (REM to Wake), *P = 0.0171 (Wake to NREM), two-tailed paired t-test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.